Environment
Environmental issues - Polystyrene
Polystyrene is made from oil-based chemicals. Before it becomes polystyrene it is styrene monomer. In converting from monomer, pentane is inserted into each bead , which at this stage resembles sugar. The bead is then steamed in a mould and the pentane causes the bead to expand and fuse to form the expanded polystyrene.
Greenhouse Effect
Comparisons of energy use during production of different types of packaging show polystyrene in a favourable light. This is because the amount of energy used in its production is much less than, for example, cardboard, even taking into account the oil from which it originates.
Packaging waste regulations
Polystyrene is covered by the plastics section of the government waste regulations. Because of its low weight it attracts lower penalties than alternatives.
Recycling
There are many ways in which polystyrene can be recycled. A major area is its reuse in the manufacture of further Insulation and Packaging grade material. Up to 25% of recycled material can be incorporated into these grades.
When incinerated in heat and power schemes the whole of the energy value used in its manufacture can be recovered. If used in landfill it adds greatly to the stability of the site because it does not decompose or corrode. Because it does not rot down unlike paper or cardboard it does not give off greenhouse gases.
It can be melted down and reused as a rigid plastic. Examples include video and CD cases, coat hangers and plant pots. It can also be extruded into products such as hardwood replacement in such things as garden furniture and window and picture frames.